July 26, 2024

DEPRESSION

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DEPRESSION

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Depression is a mood disorder characterised by persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. We all feel upset and sad, but what makes it different from depression is that it is temporary and less intense. Depression has become an overused and an easy term. Before uttering it ever so lightly, take a moment to understand the weight carried by those suffering from depression.

Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent depressive disorder, Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder, Depressive disorder due to another medical condition, Unspecified depressive disorder.

  • SYMPTOMS

Depression can present itself in various ways, with only physical or cognitive symptoms. Consider it a matter of concern when your day-to-day life is affected by these symptoms. If you have these symptoms, consult an expert and avoid misdiagnosis.

At least 5 of the following symptoms should be present to reach a diagnosis of depression,

  1. Sleep disturbance
  2. Interest/pleasure reduction
  3. Guilt feelings or thoughts of worthlessness
  4. Energy changes/fatigue
  5. Concentration/attention impairment
  6. Appetite/weight changes
  7. Psychomotor disturbances
  8. Suicidal thoughts
  9. Depressed mood
  • CAUSES

Genetic factors are indicated by occurrence in 1st degree relatives of patients, 3 times more commonly than others.

Environmental factors such as trauma from the death of a loved one, financial problems, lack of social support can trigger depression.

Biological factors including hormonal changes (post partum depression, menopausal depression) and alterations in the neurotransmitters in the nervous system.

In elderly, neurodegenerative diseases (especially Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease), stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizure disorders, cancer, macular degeneration, and chronic pain have been associated with depression.

  • DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis is made according to the criteria mentioned in the DSM-5-RT.

Detailed history is taken to check for any organic cause; following which you may need scans

All patients with depression are evaluated for suicide risk.

You will be asked to fill out questionnaires/scales that assess the severity of depression like, DASS 21, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D), and Zung Self Rating Depression Scale.

COMPLICATIONS: depression is a condition that require love and understanding from yourself first, then your close ones. Medication and therapy can slowly help you get back on your feet, but when neglected, it can cause:

  • excess weight gain
  • pain/physical illness
  • substance abuse
  • toll on relationships
  • social isolation
  • self-mutation/ self-harm
  • suicidal thoughts
  • HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES

GIT associated depression: nux vomica, pulsatilla, mercurius, carduus marianus

Oxaluria associated depression: oxalic acid, nitro-muriatic acid

Disturbed ovario-uterine functions: actea spicata, lilium tigrinum, platina

Ignatia: when there is silent grief; inability to cry after trauma

Natrum muriaticum: no joy, irritability, dullness of mind, sensitive, desires loneliness; weeps a lot; anaemic and atrophied physical state

Aurum metallicum: suicidal tendencies; associated by testicular or hepatic symptoms, hopelessness, tendency to suicide, longing for death; inclined to jump off heights

Arsenicum album: very emaciated, wrinkled skin, anxious appearance, poor appetites; suicidal+; mutilate their body – chewing fingers, pulling out eyelashes, scratching holes in scalp or face, torturing flesh in general; very restless.

Veratrum album: upset and sits in same place with no notice of themselves; lowest energy – MELANCHOLIA ATTONITA (OPIUM)

Kali phosphoricum: no desire to talk, weakness, cannot think clearly, indifferent, restless

Cimicifuga racemosa: post-partum depression, sensation of being enveloped in darkness, gloom, and dejection; constant sighing; A/F- business failures, fright, disappointed

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